Abstracts 2012
Abstract
Die Entstehung von skills/competences Klassifikationen in der Europäischen Union
Von:Ziegler, Petra; 3s Unternehmensberatung, Österreich
Session: 2
Zeit: Donnerstag, 05.07.2012, 16:30 - 18:30
Ort: FH Saal B
Typ: Paper
Downloads: Präsentation als PDF
Within the European Skills, Competences and Occupations (ESCO) development national systems on classifying skills and competences that evolved during the last ten years have been taken into consideration; but still the different approaches and experiences are too little known or shared with each other on a European level. To find out more about the national situation on skills and competences classifications in the EU-27, the European Commission, DG Employment commissioned a survey that was recently conducted. The following article will present results, discuss different approaches and developments on national level within the last years and focus on similarities and differences of the national classifications of skills and competences. The article will bring together examples of good practice of how skills and competences are right now used and structured in Europe, how they are connected to occupations and will analyse if there is a possibility to bring together the different national approaches. Besides that, lessons to learn from the national systems for the ESCO development will be provided.
The survey on national skills and competences classifications was conducted by using telephone interviews with representatives from Public Employment Services or other relevant institutions, like Ministries of Labour or Education, in all countries of the EU-27. Therefore an overview on the situation in all EU countries will be delivered. Together with a multilingual research team we conducted the interviews based on a predefined guideline. The questions covered role and relevance of skills and competences in the countries in general, use of skills and competences, form and structure of the classification as well as background information on maintenance and property issues. Based on the overview country reports countries have been selected for further analysis: case studies for good practice examples from four European countries (CZ, DE, FR, IT) have been carried out, using telephone interviews and desktop research on the national classifications. The main results of the case studies will also be presented.
The Czech model is often mentioned as an example of good practice within the ESCO development, as it brings together skills/competences, occupations and qualifications. Competences are used as the common language for describing both, occupations and qualifications. The Central Database of Competences is the central pillar and brings together the National System of Occupations and the National System of Qualifications; the databases are also connected to ISCO and the EQF. The Czech database includes more than 18,000 skills terms that are divided into soft skills, generic hard skills and specific hard skills.
France has been exporting its ROME approach to other European countries (Belgium and Luxembourg) and is another example for a very comprehensive system which is mainly focusing on job mobility. Within ROME there are 9,571 (basic and specific) activities and 2,544 (basic and specific) skills and competences.
Germany shares its approach to skills and competences with Austria: the PES is responsible for the skills/competences classification and uses it in various applications, for example for occupational information or placement. There are approximately 7,900 skills/competence terms within the German classification and more than 60,800 search terms for single competence terms.
Italy was chosen because it is using a model based on the US O*NET approach, which is also taken into account on the European level as regards lessons to learn for ESCO. Therefore it is very interesting to analyse how the Italians adapted the US skills/competences variables for their own national system – altogether the Italians use 419 variables (e.g. skills, knowledge, etc.) to describe 805 occupations within their occupational information system. The information is collected every few years applying CAPI-methodology for interviewing more than 16,000 employees at their workplace.
To sum up, based on the national experiences different aspects, common aims and lessons to learn for the ESCO development will be the main topics of the paper and will be elaborated in more detail, referring to a recently conducted survey for DG Education in all EU-27 countries.
References:
Jörg Markowitsch, Claudia Plaimauer, (2009) "Descriptors for competence: towards an international standard classification for skills and competences", Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 33 Iss: 8/9, pp.817 – 837
Bundesagentur für Arbeit: Kompetenzenkatalog, online: http://download-portal.arbeitsagentur.de/files/registry.do?doNext=eulaAnzeigen
ISFOL: Professioni, occupazione e fabbisogni, online: http://professionioccupazione.isfol.it/
NSP: Databaze competenci, online: http://kompetence.nsp.cz/uvod.aspx
Pole emploi: Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME), online: http://www.pole-emploi.fr/candidat/les-fiches-metiers-@/index.jspz?id=681.
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